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Shukri al-Quwatli
Shukri al-Quwatli (1891 – 30 June 1967; (アラビア語:شكري القوتلي)) was the first president of post-independence Syria. He began his career as a dissident working towards the independence and unity of the Ottoman Empire's Arab territories and was consequently imprisoned and tortured for his activism. When the Kingdom of Syria was established, Quwatli became a government official, though he was disillusioned with monarchism and co-founded the republican Independence Party. Quwatli was immediately sentenced to death by the French who took control over Syria in 1920. Afterward, he based himself in Cairo where he served as the chief ambassador of the Syrian-Palestinian Congress, cultivating particularly strong ties with Saudi Arabia. He used these connections to help finance the Great Syrian Revolt. In 1930, the French pardoned Quwatli and thereafter, he returned to Syria, where he gradually became a principal leader of the National Bloc. He was elected president in 1943 and oversaw Syria's independence three years later.
Quwatli was reelected in 1948, but was toppled in a military coup in 1949. He subsequently went into exile in Egypt, returning to Syria in 1955 to participate in the presidential election, which he won. A conservative presiding over an increasingly leftist-dominated government, Quwatli officially adopted neutralism amid the Cold War. After his request for aid from the United States was denied, he drew closer to the Eastern bloc. He also entered Syria into a defense arrangement with Egypt and Saudi Arabia to confront the influence of the Baghdad Pact. In 1957, Quwatli, who the US and the Pact countries failed to oust, sought to stem the leftist tide in Syria, but to no avail. By then, his political authority had receded as the military increasingly bypassed Quwatli's jurisdiction by separately coordinating with Quwatli's erstwhile backer, Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser.
In 1958, after months of unity talks, Quwatli merged Syria with Egypt to form the United Arab Republic and stepped down for Nasser to serve as president. In gratitude, Nasser awarded Quwatli the honorary title of "First Arab Citizen". Quwatli grew disenchanted with the union, believing it had reduced Syria to a police state subordinate to Egypt. He supported Syria's secession in 1961, but plans for him to finish his presidential term afterward did not materialize. Quwatli left Syria following the 1963 Ba'athist coup, and died of a heart attack in Lebanon weeks after Syria's defeat in the 1967 Six Day War. He was buried in Damascus on 1 July.
==Personal life==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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